title: Chinese Labor Migration to Russia during the First World War
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Khodjakov, M. V.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Zhiqing, Zhao
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2017-05-15T15:27:35Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2017-05-15T15:27:35Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2017
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Khodjakov M. V., Zhiqing Zhao. Chinese Labor Migration to Russia during the First World War, Modern History of Russia, no. 1, 2017, pp. 7–30.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: 10.21638/11701/spbu24.2017.101
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/6292
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: The article, based on archival materials, discloses the process of hiring of Chinese workers and their
  transport from Harbin to Russia during the First World War. The main objective, pursued by the Russian government,
  was an attempt to alleviate the labor crisis in the economy. That policy of organized import of Chinese workers into Russia had a lot of opponents. Despite this, the Russian government recognized the need to “temporarily”
  allow free passage of the borders of Russia by Chinese nationals who were hired to work in the steel and
  coal companies. By the resolutions of the Council of Ministers the passport privilege was provided for recruited
  workers for the crossing of the border. By 1916, government circles were fully aware that the task of transporting a
  large number of Chinese in the European part of Russia would not be solved by none of the organizations created
  for this purpose. Minister of Finance P. L. Bark suggested to unite the efforts of all structures on hiring Chinese
  and their transportation to Russia. These functions were assigned to the control of the Chinese Eastern Railway
  and General D. L. Horvath. The city of Harbin became the main center for shipment of recruited Chinese workers
  to Russia and a special sanitary and observation post were established there. However, the management of
  the railway, that was in charge of the transportation of Chinese workers, faced with a large number of problems
  (organizational, medical, social) and was not fully prepared to solve it. However, during the years 1915–1917 over
  74 000 Chinese workers passed through Harbin to Russia. They have been involved in railway construction and
  many industrial sites. However, this did not save the Russian economy from the impending collapse.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Modern History of Russia;Issue 1(18)
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Harbin
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Chinese Eastern Railway
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: D. L. Horvath
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: First World War
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Chinese workers
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: labor migration
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Chinese Labor Migration to Russia during the First World War
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 01-Khodjakov.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/6292/1/01-Khodjakov.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 5,73 MB