title: The revolution that plunged Russia into a time of troubles and robbed the country of victory
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Mironov, Boris N.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2018-01-23T15:25:30Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2018-01-23T15:25:30Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2017-12
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Mironov B. N. The revolution that plunged Russia into a time of troubles and robbed the country of victory. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2017, vol. 62, issue 4, pp. 693–716.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: 10.21638/11701/spbu02.2017.403
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/8909
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: The economic situation in Russia before the overthrow of the monarchy appeared no worse than,
  and in some respects was preferable to, that in other warring countries, according to objective indicators.
  For example, the real incomes of peasants rose in 1914–1916 because of satisfactory harvests,
  a decreased tax burden in real terms (thanks to inflation), reduced expenditures on alcohol, the mass sale of horses to meet the army’s needs, and the receipt of state benefits for the mobilized. Industrial
  workers, too, experienced a slight increase in their real wages in 1914–1916. Only white-collar workers
  and those in the professions were perceptibly worse off; their real income began to decline when the
  war began. The food supply remained at an adequate level. After the overthrow of the monarchy, the
  position of all social groups began to worsen. Workers’ demands to raise their wages immediately and
  substantially, as well as to improve their working conditions, forced the government to start roundthe-
  clock currency production. Unrestrained issuing of paper currency resulted in massive inflation.
  Consequently, the real incomes of the population began to decline. By 1920 workers’ wages fell to
  a level three times below the pre-war level, and intellectual workers’ salaries were nine times lower.
  The peasants’ position also took a turn for the worse but to a lesser degree. Privations during the
  First World War had a significant defining feature: They set in after a prolonged rise in the population’s
  well-being during the prewar period and contrasted with high hopes tied to victory in the
  war. Society’s rising expectations clashed head-on with the sudden deterioration in living conditions,
  while failures at the front and large military losses deprived the population of optimism and faith
  in ultimate victory, which proved especially painful. As a result people found themselves under the
  pressure of a dual deprivation. It was the revolution that dealt the economy, the standard of living,
  and the quality of governance a crippling blow. The revolution gave way to anarchy, led to the army’s
  collapse, and ignited revolutionary violence and disorder. The extremely precarious, difficult situation
  prevailing in the country during the eight months of the Provisional Government’s rule gave birth to
  the October uprising, forcing Russia to withdraw from the war, and initiated the Civil War. Refs 69.
  Tables 17.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 62; Issue 4
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: First World War
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Russian Revolution of 1917
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: causes of revolution
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: informational terrorism
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: dual deprivation
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: power struggle among elites
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: information warfare
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: economic situation of a country
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: standard of living
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: criminality
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: suicide
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: revolutionary parasitism
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: The revolution that plunged Russia into a time of troubles and robbed the country of victory
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 03-Mironov.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/8909/1/03-Mironov.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 738,51 kB