title: Foreign Intelligence and Pharmaceutical Industry in Poland. Part 1
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Sikora, Miroslaw
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2021-02-09T17:56:09Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2021-02-09T17:56:09Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2020-12
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Sikora M. Foreign Intelligence and Pharmaceutical Industry in Poland. Part 1. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, issue 4, рp. 1202–1217.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.411
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/23685
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: In the 1960s, Polish society was still not affected by lifestyle diseases to such a large extent as
  in the developed countries of Western Europe. However, the statistics on cancer and cardiovascular
  diseases started to rise in the 1970s, along with dynamic economic development of
  Poland under communist party’s secretary Edward Gierek. Meanwhile, the government of
  the People’s Republic of Poland could not afford to invest simultaneously in all critical sectors
  of the economy. Particular priority was given to capital-intensive automotive and electronics
  industries as well as to traditional but important for Polish exports of raw materials (copper,
  coal). In the 1980s, as a result of the Cold War escalation along with the subsequent tightening
  of the strategic embargo by NATO states, and — finally — because of the gigantic foreign debt,
  the financial resources of Poland were reduced almost to zero. The lack of funds for research
  and development in the field of pharmacy and biotechnology was to be compensated for by
  an illegal transfer of know-how from the OECD area. Polish foreign intelligence services had
  already considerable experience in the field of purchasing technical documentation on the
  black market. In the 1970s, at least a dozen or so antibiotic manufacturing technologies were
  clandestinely obtained in the West and passed on to the Polish R&D and industry. The article
  examines the involvement of Polish intelligence in the transfer of medicines, active substances
  and other pharmaceutical products (including medical equipment) to Poland. The “socially
  useful” function of communist secret services becomes a fascinating problem in this context.
  The article is partly based on the documents produced or collected by the Polish foreign intelligence service in 1960–1990, which have been declassified and are now accessible to the
  public in the Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.description.sponsorship
metadata.value: This research was funded by National Science Center (NCN), Poland, Project Sonata, Edition 13,
  no. 2017/26/D/HS3/00250.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: en
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 65; Issue 4
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Poland
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Cold War
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Comecon
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: intelligence services
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: scientific espionage
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: pharmaceutical industry
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: history of technology
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Foreign Intelligence and Pharmaceutical Industry in Poland. Part 1
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 11.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/23685/1/11.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 693,5 kB