title: Deposition of Base Ore and Alloy Elements in the Bronze Age Metal in the Trans-Urals
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Bogdanov, Sergey V.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Bulatov, Vladislav A.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Кorochkova, Olga N.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Spiridonov, Ivan A.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Tkachev, Vitaly V.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2024-02-02T14:39:24Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2024-02-02T14:39:24Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2023-12
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Bogdanov S. V., Bulatov V. A., Korochkova O. N., Spiridonov I. A., Tkachev V. V. Deposition of Base Ore and Alloy Elements in the Bronze Age Metal in the Trans-Urals. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2023, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 1104–1140. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.415
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.415
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/44789
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: The paper studies the problems of the geochemical specialization of the Bronze Age metal
  items from the eastern flank of the Ural mining and metallurgical province produced at the
  end of the third millennium BC — the middle of the second millennium BC in the Abashevo,
  Sintashta, Koptyakov-Seimino and the Alakul centers. The metal geochemical markers determination
  was performed by means of a local quantitative chemical composition analysis of
  101 solid samples with an electron X-ray microanalyzer. The selection consisted of a representative
  series of copper and bronze items corresponding to various stages of metallurgical
  conversion process from the classic archaeological sites of the Trans-Urals. Systematization
  of the analytical data on the chemistry of items from each metal production center made it
  possible to identify stable compositions of micro-impurities associated with the base ores and alloys. The Abashevo and the Sintashta culture metal demonstrated a stable correlation of
  excess arsenic and nickel concentrations, which was partly due to the use of the Trans-Urals
  ores with a high content of these elements, however, the most significant concentration of
  arsenic (from 2 to 5 %) was observed in the finished items rather than in refined copper ingots
  or semi-finished products, which may indicate intentional alloying. Tin alloys in the Sintashta
  culture were quite rare; they demonstrated the same chemistry as the Seimin-Turbino metallurgical
  traditions. Large-scale use of tin for refined copper alloying was observed only in the
  Koptyakov-Seimino and the Alakul series. The Alakul series contained some high-tin alloying
  compositions close to the ideal tin bronzes (18 % Sn). It is possible that the sources of tin for
  them were the Kazakhstan and the Central Asia deposits. The only impurity integrating the
  entire ancient metal series, according to microprobe analysis, was sulfur, due to the sulfide
  feed stock. Sulfur was deposited in blister from the high-copper (above 20 % Cu) sulfide-silica-
  carbonate mineral blends that met the Bronze Age metal production criteria. The sources
  of raw materials were associated with the secondary sulfides of the ophiolite deposits hypergenesis
  zones in the Trans-Urals.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.description.sponsorship
metadata.value: The work was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation “Technologies of mining
  and metallurgical production of the Bronze Age in the evolution of the cultural-historical landscape
  of the Ural region”, project no. 21-78-20015 (headed by V. V. Tkachev), as well as State Tasks no.
  AAAA-A21-1210111900016-1, no. FEUZ-2023-0018, no. АААА-А19-119071090011-6.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 68; Issue 4
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: copper ores
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: secondary copper sulphides
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: alloying
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: microprobe analysis
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: metallurgical centers
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Abashevo
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Sintashta
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Koptyakovo
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Alakul cultures
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Deposition of Base Ore and Alloy Elements in the Bronze Age Metal in the Trans-Urals
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 15.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/44789/1/15.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 7,77 MB