title: Confectionery Production in Besieged Leningrad. 1941–1943
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Khodjakov, M. V.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2023-01-09T16:46:13Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2023-01-09T16:46:13Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2022-12
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Khodjakov M. V. ‘Confectionery Production in Besieged Leningrad. 1941–1943’, Modern History of Russia, vol. 12, no. 4, 2022, pp. 812–839. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2022.401 (In Russian)
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2022.401
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/38832
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: The article based on archival materials analyses a problem that has not received comprehensive coverage
  in the historical literature. In Soviet times, it was considered the height of cynicism to talk about the confectionery
  factories during famine and mass mortality in besieged Leningrad. Later the authors often preferred
  to focus on the real and fictitious abuses by the Leningrad leaders, who allegedly enjoyed sweet life even under
  the blockade. The analysis of documents, many of which were previously inaccessible for researchers, indicates
  that candy and chocolate factories did not cease their work during the blockade. Like all food industries facing the lack of supplies they had to actively use substitutes. As a result, new varieties of sweets emerged, produced
  with a minimum content of sugar and maximum filling with confectionery waste. At the same time, the factories
  switched to manufacturing products needed for the front and were engaged in the production of medical supplies
  and consumer goods. Since the autumn of 1941 the local party bodies supervised all the branches of industry in
  Leningrad. They had the final say on management decisions and planned performance, including the production
  of chocolate and sweets. The distribution of confectionery products had a clear focus. Its main consumers
  were the army, the navy and the population of the besieged city. However, the reduction in the production during
  1941–1942 and conservation of a number of factories made chocolate and sweets a scarce product, inaccessible
  to many residents of Leningrad. The situation changed only after the blockade was breached in 1943 and the
  confectionery production was restored as its capacity increased.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Modern History of Russia;Volume 12; Issue 4
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: siege
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Leningrad
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: confectionery factories
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: chocolate
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: sweets
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: ration cards
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Confectionery Production in Besieged Leningrad. 1941–1943
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 01khodjakov_1.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/38832/1/01khodjakov_1.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 4,8 MB