title: Cooperage as an Occupation of Novgorod’s Peasants in the Post-reform Years
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Nikulin, Valery N.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2022-09-19T10:34:21Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2022-09-19T10:34:21Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2022-06
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Nikulin V. N. Cooperage as an Occupation of Novgorod’s Peasants in the Post-reform Years. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2022, vol. 67, issue 2, рp. 563–577.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.215
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/37789
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: It is common knowledge that harsh climate, the predominance of poor soils, a short growing
  season, and low crop yield in Novgorod Governorate did not allow peasants to provide themselves
  with everything they needed only through agricultural labour. Therefore, the Novgorod
  peasants were forced to look for additional sources of income: leaving the village to work or
  engaging in different occupations. In particular, cooperage was widely popular in the peasant
  economy, which was determined by the availability of the necessary raw materials in the
  form of extensive forests in all the counties of the governorate. The article examines the state
  of cooperage as an occupation among the peasants of Novgorod Governorate in the second
  half of the 19th — early 20th century based on archival and published sources and literature.
  Primarily, attention is given to the analysis of the role of the occupation within the peasant
  economy. The stable nature of production of coopers’ goods was due to the widespread nature
  of nail-making and fishing industries among peasants, as well as due to an increase in the
  number of creameries in landowners’ estates. Thus, various products of coopers were used —
  mainly as containers. There is no doubt that the steady demand for coopers’ products from
  the local rural population played a significant role in the formation and development of the
  cooperage industry. The paper gives a brief description of the tools used by peasant coopers
  and notes the emergence of an artel as a form of occupational organization. The article shows
  peasants’ growing dependence on raw materials from landowners and timber producers due
  to the sharp decrease in allotted timber because of the intensive felling of trees by peasants.
  With the decline in allotted timber, coopers increasingly bought wood harvested in neighboring
  state-owned, appanage, or landowner forests. As a result, the raw material dependence
  of the workers engaged in the cooperage trade on the owners of the forest and the buyers of
  their products grew. The paper concludes that at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries cooperage
  in Novgorod Governorate still held a meaningful place in the peasant household economy,
  acquiring an increasingly pronounced commercial character.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 67; Issue 2
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: North-West of Russia
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Novgorod Governorate
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: artel
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: peasants
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: forestry
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: coopers
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Cooperage as an Occupation of Novgorod’s Peasants in the Post-reform Years
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 15.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/37789/1/15.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 664,84 kB