title: “The Messengers are Called Sangandai”: the Greek σαγγάνδης and its Relationship to ἀσγάνδης/ἀστάνδης
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Rosół, Rafał
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2021-12-03T16:53:02Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2021-12-03T16:53:02Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2021-03
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Rosół R. “The Messengers are Called Sangandai”: the Greek σαγγάνδης and its Relationship to ἀσγάνδης/ἀστάνδης. Philologia Classica 2021, 16 (1), 40–49.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2021.104
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/33755
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: This article examines the Greek noun σαγγάνδης ‘messenger’ which is attested in two lexica,
  dated to the Roman or early Byzantine periods: the Cambridge Rhetorical Lexicon by an
  anonymous author and Difficult Words in the Attic Orators by Claudius Casilo. In both works,
  σαγγάνδης appears together with three words of likely Iranian provenance: ὀροσάγγης ‘benefactor
  of the Persian king; bodyguard’, παρασάγγης ‘parasang; messenger’ and ἄγγαρος ‘messenger,
  courier; workman, labourer’. The word σαγγάνδης is analysed in comparison with
  ἀσγάνδης/ἀστάνδης ‘messenger’ occurring for the first time in Plutarch’s works and closely
  linked to the Achaemenid administration. According to the hypothesis put forward in the
  present paper, both σαγγάνδης and ἀσγάνδης (with its secondary variant ἀστάνδης) are connected
  to Manichaean Middle Persian/Parthian ižgand ‘messenger’, Sogdian (a)žγand/(ɔ)
  žγand/ž(i)γant ‘id.’, Jewish Aramaic ʾîzgaddā ‘id.’, Syriac izgandā/izgaddā ‘id.’, Mandaic ašganda
  ‘helper, assistant, servant; the Messenger’, and go back to Old Persian *zganda- or to early
  Middle Persian/early Parthian *žgand- (or *zgand-) with the original meaning ‘mounted messenger’.
  The reconstructed noun is derived from the Proto-Iranian root *zga(n)d- ‘to go on,
  gallop, mount’, attested in Avestan (Younger Avestan zgaδ(/θ)- ‘to go on horseback, gallop’)
  and in some Middle and Modern Iranian languages. The original form of the loanword in
  Greek was probably *σγάνδης which then underwent certain transformations.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: en
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Philologia Classica;Volume 16; Issue 1
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: etymology
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: foreign words in Greek
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Iranian loanwords
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Greek lexicography
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: “The Messengers are Called Sangandai”: the Greek σαγγάνδης and its Relationship to ἀσγάνδης/ἀστάνδης
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 40-49.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/33755/1/40-49.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 759,54 kB