title: Demography of Pandemics in Governorate of Livonia during Late Imperial Period
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Ryazantsev, Sergey V.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Smirnov, Alexey V.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2024-07-11T20:06:53Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2024-07-11T20:06:53Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2024-06
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Ryazantsev S. V., Smirnov A. V. Demography of Pandemics in Governorate of Livonia during Late Imperial Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 2, рp. 431–456. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.212 (In Russian)
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.212
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/45743
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: Infectious disease pandemics that broke out in the territory of the Russian Empire in the 19th
  century were large-scale phenomena with significant demographic consequences. The aim of
  the study was to assess the demographic and socio-economic consequences of the Russian
  influenza pandemic and the fifth cholera pandemic in Livonia. The research is based on the
  pre-revolutionary periodicals. Influenza caused a disease outbreak in Livonia in November
  1889. In December, the population, mostly over 35 years old, began to suffer from pneumonia,
  which often led to death. A statistical assessment of monthly excess mortality in 1889 showed
  an increase of 8 % in November and 67 % in December. Influenza also had an effect on fertility:
  the birth rate in September 1890 (conception in December 1889) was the lowest compared to
  the period between 1888 and 1895. Influenza affected members of all classes. By the time of
  the outbreak of the fifth cholera pandemic, the cholera agent and modes of transmission were
  known. Cholera was a disease of the poor. Migrant labourers and the lower classes of the population
  were predominantly affected. There was a lower likelihood of the educated population
  living in satisfactory conditions and following the advice of doctors of contracting it. In October
  1893, cholera riots occurred in Tartu, demonstrating the population’s misunderstanding of
  the purpose of sanitary measures. The rioters did not understand why “gentlemen” did not get
  cholera. Cholera had an impact on the mortality and marriage rate of the population. However,
  cholera in Livonia became a controlled disease and had a positive impact on the sanitary
  habits of the population, and the sanitary and epidemiological development of the cities.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 2
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Russian flu
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: cholera
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Russian flu pandemic
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: cholera pandemic
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: morbidity
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: mortality
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Livonia Governorate
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Riga
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Baltic region
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Latvia
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: COVID-19
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Demography of Pandemics in Governorate of Livonia during Late Imperial Period
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 12_Ryasantsev-Smirnov.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/45743/1/12_Ryasantsev-Smirnov.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 1,66 MB