title: Ruling Pattern of the Parchment Codices in the Context of the Technological Development of Ancient Russian Booklore
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Shibaev, Mikhail A.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2024-04-08T15:35:10Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2024-04-08T15:35:10Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2024-03
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Shibaev M. A. Ruling Pattern of the Parchment Codices in the Context of the Technological Development of Ancient Russian Booklore. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2024, vol. 69, issue 1, pp. 111–123. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.108 (In Russian)
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.108
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/45265
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: At the beginning of the 15th century, there was a process of transition from manual to mechanical
  ruling or ruling pattern. With this type of ruling, the result was achieved not by running
  the tip of a knife or an awl over the parchment, but by using a template. A similar tool had been
  used since the 12th century in Oriental manuscripts and was called “mastara”. In Europe, it was
  called “tabula ad rigandum” in Latin, “planche à régler” in French, “rule-board” in English. In
  the Russian tradition it was known as “carax”, “terax”, “kerax”, etc. In Europe, it apparently appeared
  at the same time as in the Old Russian tradition — at the beginning of the 15th century.
  The earliest ruling pattern (1403) was found in the copy of Izbornik of 1073 originating from
  the Moscow Andronikov monastery of the Savior. The main feature of this ruling pattern is
  the absence of any kind of pricks on the margins of the parchment sheet. The introduction of
  the template into written practice led to a change in the traditional schemes and principles of
  ruling of Old Russian parchment codexes. The ruling known patterns with threads of animal
  or plant origins worked well on paper, but clearly could not leave a mark on a harder material,
  such as parchment. An experiment was conducted with a specially made template with metal
  threads and modern parchment, similar in its properties to the medieval one. The result of the
  successful experiment revealed that the application of the ruling pattern on parchment was
  only possible if it was preliminarily softened with water.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.description.sponsorship
metadata.value: The reported study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 22-18-00615 (“Technological
  shifts in the material culture of Ancient Russia: A comprehensive study of books and documents
  of the 11th–17th centuries”).
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. History;Volume 69; Issue 1
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: technological features of the book
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Old Russian libraries
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: ruling pattern of manuscript
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: parchment
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: mastara
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: karax
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Ruling Pattern of the Parchment Codices in the Context of the Technological Development of Ancient Russian Booklore
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 08_Shibaev.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/45265/1/08_Shibaev.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 655,24 kB