title: Typology and Aesthetic Basics of Traditional Chinese Portrait
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Belozerova, Vera G.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2020-09-22T15:43:19Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2020-09-22T15:43:19Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2020-09
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Belozerova, Vera. “Typology and Aesthetic Basics of Traditional Chinese Portrait”. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 10, no. 3 (2020): 398–418.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2020.302
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/19544
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: The portrait was one of the oldest and most popular genres of Chinese painting. The objective
  of this article is to provide an extended portrait typology and to explore the basics of portrait
  aesthetics in light of the latest achievements in Oriental studies. The extensive typology of the
  Chinese portrait forms of the 10th–19th centuries testifies to the pictorial tradition’s maturity.
  The portrayed were depicted standing, sitting, and lying. They appeared life-size or from the
  chest up, were pictured full-face or in three quarters and, sometimes, from the back. The social portrait typology was composed of tomb portraits, lifetime ceremonial portraits, lifetime
  informal portraits, commemorative portraits, historical and didactic portraits, diplomatic
  portraits, compromising portraits, religious portraits, portraits of donors, and self-portraits.
  The stylistic development of all portrait types was based on three main principles of national
  aesthetics. The first principle, borrowed from the xiangfa physiognomy, claimed a direct link
  between the structural features of the physical body, the psyche, and the mental abilities of an
  individual, which together determined his fate. The tradition of visual psychosemiotics did
  not allow the commissioner to demand that the artist change the appearance of the person
  being portrayed to any idealizing standards, as it was believed that this would lead to a change
  of personality. The second principle was based on the concept of “body oneness” (yi ti) of the
  Universe, whereby each part of the human face was in energy resonance with various astronomical and landscape objects. In the portrait, a person was characterized simultaneously as
  part of the cosmos, society, and race. The third principle concerned the spiritual content of the
  portrayed person’s image, denoted by the term shen. The analysis of occurrence of the term
  shen in treatises shows that what their authors meant by shen was a personified manifestation
  of the connection between the single and the Universal rather than the portrayed person’s
  individuality (a certain soul) and the sacral beginning (spirit).
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Vestnik of St Petersburg University. Arts;Volume 10; Issue 3
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: shen
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: ling
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: xiangfa
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: yi ti
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: chuanshen
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: chuanzhen
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: xiezhao
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: xiezhen
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: yingtang
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: taimiao
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Typology and Aesthetic Basics of Traditional Chinese Portrait
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 398-418.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/19544/1/398-418.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 10,53 MB