title: Volley fire in Europe in the mid-16th century
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Bołdyrew, Aleksander
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Łopatecki, Karol
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2022-02-10T13:42:17Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2022-02-10T13:42:17Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2021-09
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Bołdyrew, Aleksander; Łopatecki, Karol . Volley fire in Europe in the mid-16th century // Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana. 2021. № 2. С. 3-18.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.201
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/34858
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: The article explores the application of volley fire in European armies in the mid-16th century. On the basis of Polish sources, the authors established that shooting volleys was applied by Polish infantry in 1558. There was also training in collective loading and shooting conducted by a commander every few days. Fire was conducted in the Turkish manner, i. e. having fired a salvo the rank would kneel and load the weapon in this position. The painting referred to in the article «The Battle of Orsha» (created in the 1530s or 1540s) shows the West European manner of conducting combat by an infantry unit. It involved setting the shooters in three ranks and alternating firing at enemy positions with a simultaneous countermarch. This suggests that the method described for the first time by the Spanish in 1592 was spread half a century earlier. The sources show that in the mid-16th century, volley fire was known in vast Eurasian tracks from remote China, through the Ottoman Empire to the western ends of Europe. The difference lay in the way of conducting the volley fire, and the most effective form of fire applied in battles was invented by the Dutch in the 1590s. As a result of the enlargement of weapon size and the introduction of muskets, the method proposed by Tarnowski of loading firearms in kneeling position became increasingly obsolete.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.description.sponsorship
metadata.value: The article was written as part of the research project of the National Centre for Science SONATA, no. 2016/23/D/HS3/03210 «The military revolution as a modernization factor in the public finance and state organization of the Polish-Lithuanian state in the comparative perspective».
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: en
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana;Volume 2 (30)
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: volley fire
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: military revolution
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: countermarch
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Jan Tarnowski
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: military of the 16th century
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: tactics of the 16th century
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: soldiers’ training
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Volley fire in Europe in the mid-16th century
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 3-18.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/34858/1/3-18.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 4,19 MB