title: Is the Livonian peasant rich or poor?
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Straube, Gvido
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2021-11-30T14:30:07Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2021-11-30T14:30:07Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2020-09
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Straube G. Is the Livonian peasant rich or poor?. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2020, vol. 2 (28), pp. 36–45.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2020.203
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/33712
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: For a long time, the dominant opinion in the historiography was that the situation of the peasants
  in Livonia and later in Vidzeme in the 17th–18th centuries was steadily worsening year by year. But analysis
  of the information on the peasant households in the so called Hackenrevision of the 17th and 18th century. It
  shows that the situation was more complicated. If we compare the data of 1624, 1730, 1750–1751 we can see
  the following tendencies. There is a quantitative growth of all indicators of prosperity of the peasantry. The
  number of cattle, horses and workers per household increased several times (from one or four in 1624 to
  12 at the maximum in the 18th century). A horse was important for field work, and the more horses in a farm,
  the more effectively the work was organized, the easier it was to allocate resources to carrying the barch,
  the horses could rest after hard work. In addition, a large number of horses on a farm already indicated a
  certain well-being, when they were kept not only for work, but also for prestige and representation. Increased
  numbers of cows helped to improve the diet of families and servants (increasing the proportion of meat and
  dairy products in it) as well as raising the sales of dairy products in the market. A larger number of cows
  enabled more abundant fertilisation of the fields, thereby increasing their productivity. The increase in the
  number of able-bodied people on the farms indicates an increase in the demographic indicators. The farm
  could provide a normal life for more people. The bigger the labour force, the higher the economic potential
  of the farm. More land could be farmed, more livestock could be kept, more food could be provided, and
  it was easier to fulfil one’s obligations to the landowner. All this shows that the thesis about the worsening
  of the situation of the livonian peasants in the 17th–18th centuries is not supported by the sources. On the
  contrary, growing prosperity meant that the farmstead owner could afford to do less physical work and pay
  more attention to farm organization. This developed his mental capacities.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana;Volume 2 (28)
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Livonia
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: Swedish Kingdom
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: history of the Baltics
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: economic history
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: peasantry
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: manor
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: land revisions
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: Is the Livonian peasant rich or poor?
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 36-45.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/33712/1/36-45.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 471,38 kB