title: A history of African American separatism in the United States
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Karandeev, Ivan A.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.contributor.author
metadata.value: Achkasov, Valery A.
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.accessioned
metadata.value: 2024-02-06T16:40:24Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.available
metadata.value: 2024-02-06T16:40:24Z
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.date.issued
metadata.value: 2023-09
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.citation
metadata.value: Karandeev I. A., Achkasov V. A. A history of African American separatism in the United States. Political Expertise: POLITEX, 2023, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 465–474. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.307 (In Russian)
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.identifier.other
metadata.value: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.307
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.identifier.uri
metadata.value: http://hdl.handle.net/11701/44848
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.description.abstract
metadata.value: This article analyzes the history of the development of the phenomenon of radical African-American
  movements classified as separatist. The roots of the phenomenon go back to the abolitionist movement
  of the mid-19th century, but most of these movements appeared in the USA in the 1920s–1960s,
  after the migration of African Americans from the southern states, referred to the “black belt” to the
  industrialized states of the North and their concentration in ethnically homogeneous ghettos of large
  cities with a disadvantaged socio-economic situation. Irredentist movements that appealed to the
  construction of African American identity based on ethnic and cultural nationalism, such as Back to
  Africa, which aimed at universal immigration of blacks from the United States, and interpreting the
  religion Nation of Islam, gained particular popularity. Separatist movements acted as a radical alternative
  to the Civil Rights Movement, and the figure of activist Malcolm X, who came out of the Nation
  of Islam, became a counterweight to Martin Luther King. With the development of the anti-colonial
  movement in third world countries, organizations such as the Black Panthers and the Republic of
  New Africa turned to the right of nations to self-determination and left-wing anti-imperialist rhetoric.
  The activities of other organizations, for example, the Black Liberation Army, can be characterized
  as terrorist. Later organizations, such as the New Black Panther Party, are often characterized by
  experts as “hate groups”. Although with the success of the integration policy, the popularity of separatist
  demands has fallen, the actions of African-American nationalist organizations in the conditions
  of polarization of modern American politics indicate that the forms of struggle of the African-American
  community for political independence in the future are not exhausted.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.description.sponsorship
metadata.value: The research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, project
  no. 23-28-00360 “Ethno-federalism as a form of national self-determination: a comparative analysis”.
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.language.iso
metadata.value: ru
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.publisher
metadata.value: St Petersburg State University
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.relation.ispartofseries
metadata.value: Political Expertise: POLITEX;Volume 19; Issue 3
metadata.lang: -
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: separatism
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: black nationalism
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: irredentism
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: secessionism
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.subject
metadata.value: autonomism
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.title
metadata.value: A history of African American separatism in the United States
metadata.lang: en_GB
metadata.name: dc.type
metadata.value: Article
metadata.lang: en_GB
resources.filename: 07.pdf
resources.url: https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/44848/1/07.pdf
resources.format: Adobe PDF
resources.size: 628,65 kB