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Convention Problems of Prohibition

of Biological and Toxin Weapons

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Victor Ivanovich Kholstov was appointed as Director General of Russian Munitions Agency
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Main International Documents on Prohibition of Biological and Toxin Weapons

Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Similar Gases and Bacteriological Means (Geneva Protocol), signed at Geneva on June 17, 1925. It entered in force on February 8, 1928. Depositary is the Government of French Republic. The former Soviet Union has ratified the Protocol by the CEC resolution on March 7, 1928 with provisos, in 2000 they were removed. As of January 1, 2001, 130 states are participants of the Protocol.

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction was signed in Moscow, Washington and London on April 10, 1972 and centered in force on March 26, 1975 after its ratification by 22 states. The depositaries of Conventions are USA, England and USSR (since 1992 - the Russian Federation). The former USSR has ratified the Convention on February 11, 1975. As of January 1, 2000, 143 states are participants of the Convention. The period of validy of the Convention is without time limit (unlimited). The supreme body is Conference on Review of the Convention actions, which assembles each 5 years. For solving of urgent issues Special Conference is called.

Decisions of Conferences on Review of the Convention actions, carried out by UNO in accordance with article XII of the Convention. The First Conference was held in 1980, the Second - in 1986, the Third - in 1991, the Fourth - in 1996. At these conferences the implementation of each Convention's article and influence of scientific and technological achievements on the fulfillment of its provisions were considered. According to the decisions of the 2nd and 3rd Conferences States Parties annually submit information on facilities and bilolgical activities in UN. The decision of the 3rd Conference determined obligations of States Depositaries of the Convention in regards of agreed procedures of calling and holding of informal and official consultative meetings of States Parties to consider their questions concerning the implementation of the Convention. Decisions of Conferences are subjects to the approval by the United Nations Organization appropriate UN General Assembly's resolutions.

Technical guidelines and procedures on opportune and efficient investigation of reports on possible use of chemical and bacteriological (biological) or toxin weapons, elaborated according to resolution No 620 (1988) of the 43rd session of the UN General Assambly and adopted on the 44th Session of the UN General Assambly (Annex I to document А/44/561, 1989).

Decisions of Special Conference of Convention States Parties (1994) on establishment of Special Group on Elaboration of juridical obligatory Document on strengthening the Convention (Protocol) with participation of all States Parties.

UN Security Council resolutions No 687 and No 715 (1991) and other its resolutions of 1991-2000 on control of Iraq disarmament (inspections, monitoring, embargo, export and other international tasks).