CW stockpiles in Russia
Chemical weapons
History of CW development
Chemical agents
Mustard (H, HD, bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide) affects eyes, respiratory tract and skin, at first as the cell irritant, then as the cell poison. It produces blisters on skin.
Molecular formula: C4H8Cl2S
Molecular weight: 159.08
Molecular structure:
Physicochemical characteristics:
Vapour pressure (at 30°C): 0.09 mm Hg
Vapour density on air: 5.4
Density (at 20°C): 1.2741
Log P (octanol/water partition coefficient): 1.37
Boiling point: 217°C
Melting point: 13.5°C
Acute toxicity:
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; monkey): 80 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; cat): 70 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; guinea pig): 200 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; dog): 70 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; rat): 100 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; rabbit): 280 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; mouse): 120 mg/m3
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; guinea pig): 20 mg/кg
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; dog): 20 mg/kg
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; rat): 5 mg/kg
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; rabbit): 40 mg/kg
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; mouse): 92 mg/kg
Minimum lethal concentration (LCL0) (inhalation; human): 163.3 mg/m3
Minimum lethal dose (LDL0) (skin application; human): 64 mg/kg
Chemical weapons
History of CW development
Chemical agents
Chemical Agents
- Blister Agents
- mustard
- lewisite
- Nerve Agents
Mustard (H, HD, bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide) affects eyes, respiratory tract and skin, at first as the cell irritant, then as the cell poison. It produces blisters on skin.
Molecular formula: C4H8Cl2S
Molecular weight: 159.08
Molecular structure:

Physicochemical characteristics:
Vapour pressure (at 30°C): 0.09 mm Hg
Vapour density on air: 5.4
Density (at 20°C): 1.2741
Log P (octanol/water partition coefficient): 1.37
Boiling point: 217°C
Melting point: 13.5°C
Acute toxicity:
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; monkey): 80 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; cat): 70 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; guinea pig): 200 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; dog): 70 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; rat): 100 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; rabbit): 280 mg/m3
Median lethal concentration (LC50) (inhalation; mouse): 120 mg/m3
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; guinea pig): 20 mg/кg
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; dog): 20 mg/kg
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; rat): 5 mg/kg
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; rabbit): 40 mg/kg
Median lethal dose (LD50) (skin application; mouse): 92 mg/kg
Minimum lethal concentration (LCL0) (inhalation; human): 163.3 mg/m3
Minimum lethal dose (LDL0) (skin application; human): 64 mg/kg